Unit operations and unit process experience includes:

• crushing
• grinding
• size separation
• agglomeration
• flotation
• thickening
• filtration
• leaching:
• counter current washing
• neutralisation
• precipitation
• solvent extraction
• ion exchange
• crystallisation/evaporation
• drying
• electrowinning
• aeration
• gas scrubbing
• gas absorption
• steam stripping
• soluble salts build-up