Leaching process experience includes:

Leaching of ores, concentrates, tailings and scrap metals by processes such as:

• sulphuric acid leaching

• agitation leaching of ore and concentrate
• heap leaching of ore
• pad leaching of ore
• dump leaching of low grade ore
• medium and high pressure leaching of high grade ore and concentrates
• bacterial leaching of ore in heap leaching, and ore and sulphide concentrates in agitation leaching

• sulphate chloride leaching

• agitation leaching of concentrate
• pressure leaching of concentrate

• chloro-bromide (Halex) leaching, as in the Intec process

• agitation leaching of concentrate

• chloride leaching

• agitation leaching of rare earth hydroxides

• ammonia leaching

• ammoniacal ammonium carbonate leaching of ore, hydroxide intermediates, metal and scrap
• ammoniacal ammonium sulphate leaching including:

• atmospheric leaching of ore, hydroxide intermediates, metal and scrap
• pressure leaching of sulphide concentrate

• cyanide leaching

• CIL leaching of ore and tailings
• CIP leaching of ore and tailings
• RIP leaching of ore and tailings

• Sodium bicarbonate leaching

• Pressure leaching of carbonate ore

• Caustic conversion

• Atmospheric leaching of rare earth phosphates